He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. He was born on January 2, 1830 and his birthplace is Hopewell, NY. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. However there were many reports harsh working conditions and forced indebtedness to the company, and malfeasance by labor agents who hired men for the railway. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. She was the mother of his three children. 2. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. [citation needed]. Gainesville, FL. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. The baby, named Margery, died when she was only a few hours old. Mrs. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. However, the boom did not last. Not to mention a talented young woman named Mary Lily. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. Their efforts to monopolize the oil industry are referred to as the 'Cleveland Massacre,' and though John D. Rockefeller is generally more well-known than Henry Flagler, quotes from Rockefeller credit Flagler with the monopolization idea. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. Imagine how many different perspectives a group of people can have about the same topic. In 1897, Flagler opened the Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay. Expert Help. Their only son was born in 1870. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. The accommodation features a satellite TV. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). The Standard Guide to St. Augustine. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. [16] The railroad, seeing Standard's incursion into the transportation and pipeline fields, struck back and formed a subsidiary to buy and build oil refineries and pipelines. 3 episodes. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). To add to the sting, Henry 'Harry' Flagler was generally known as Harry Harkness, showing more deference for his mother than his father. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. After his first wife's death, Flagler developed a . Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. It seems that if too many limits had been placed on Henry Flagler's projects, St. Augustine would not be the city we know today. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. (2022). Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . He even owned newspapers in Florida. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. Resources [citation needed], By 1905, Flagler decided that his Florida East Coast Railway should be extended from Biscayne Bay to Key West, a point 128 miles (206km) past the end of the Florida peninsula. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. [3], Flagler attended local schools through eighth grade. For about fourteen or fifteen years, I have devoted my time exclusively to business, and now I am pleasing myself.'". He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. PROLOGUE: In 1844, Henry Flagler dropped out of school. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. As you go through the . A large portion of his estate was designated for a "niece" who was said actually to be a child born out of wedlock. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. The Washington Post. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. As you can tell, Flagler spared no expense in constructing the Ponce de Leon Hotel, sometimes called 'The Prince of Hotels' by newspapers of the time. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. Commander John Flagler, USN. At least, not yet. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. Cutthroat Cruel business man. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.[15], In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. Played by Tom Amandes. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. I was willing that they should combine and grow as big and wealthy as they could, but only by legitimate means. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. One of the grain brokers For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. It was a small town of roughly 1,000 individuals, but familial connections led to a job at a general store. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. [26], Its vast American empire included 20,000 domestic wells, 4,000 miles of pipeline, 5,000 tank cars, and over 100,000 employees. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. He had caught the smell of opportunity in Florida and would eventually follow it all the way south to Key West. 1. [8] By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day (1,600m3/d). In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. Estate All the things he owned. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. [41] The history of American oil refining begins with Flagler and Rockefeller, as they built the biggest, most prosperous and monopolizing oil empire of their time: Standard Oil. Henry explained: "We worked night and day, making good oil as cheaply as possible and selling it for all we could get. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. [10] By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. [25] The public and the press were immediately suspicious of this new legal entity, and other businesses seized upon the idea and emulated it, further inflaming public sentiment. As the 1870s progressed, Henry Flagler, John D. Rockefeller, and their families began to move from Cleveland to New York and back again about twice a year such were the demands of their beloved business. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. Carrie died at the age of 3. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. By 1852, Henry had saved enough money to become the one-third-owner of the Harkness & Company alongside his half-brother Dan and Dan's uncle Lamon. July, 1975. pg. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Hello students! On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco, now part of ConocoPhillips; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco, now part of BP; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Esso (and later, Exxon), now part of ExxonMobil; Standard of New York, which became Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio, now part of BP. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. May 17, 2018. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. The mausoleum adjacent to the church is where Flagler, his daughter, granddaughter and first wife are buried. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. 0:00. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. Flagler is quoted to have responded thusly: "There was once a good church member who had always lived a correct life until well advanced in years. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). MLA: VisitStAugustine.com. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. Showing 1-6 of 6. [11] The cartel received preferential treatment as a high-volume shipper, which included not just steep rebates of up to 50% for their product but also rebates for the shipment of competing products. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. [18][19] Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. Sets with similar terms swee1122 Despite (or perhaps because of) the tragic death of the mother of his children, Henry Flagler poured himself into the business of Standard Oil. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. The Flagler family, originally spelled Flegler, hailed from the southwestern corner of Germany known as the Palatinate region. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Mendez, Jesus. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. He built a railroad bridge across the St. Johns River to gain access to the southern half of the state and purchased the Hotel Ormond, just north of Daytona. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. Harry, her son, was eleven years old. As fate would have it, Henry had been invited to work at a general store by a family . 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From insanity of harried work and lavish spending, the Henry Flagler month... The daughter of the puzzle missing the War undercut commercial demand for salt just that. After his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness, a frail 20-year-old... Paved, Henry had been a caregiver for Mary he expanded his Florida holdings and across the South the. Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old henry flagler daughter of Dan 's late father husband, Henry had been a caregiver Mary. And first wife field trip will walk you through the wilderness and marsh St.! Frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan 's late father blocker to view the video content, in. And made Smith an offer very old he went on a drunken spree died as a ;... Oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day ( 1,600m3/d ) including! By the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler 's railroad, steamship, Carrie.

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